One of the key strategies employed by NALSA to promote access to justice is the conduct of the Lok Adalat, an alternative dispute resolution forum. These forums serve as platforms for the amicable settlement of pending or pre-litigation cases, offering a faster and more cost-effective alternative to traditional court proceedings. In a Lok Adalat, parties involved in disputes can resolve their cases amicably, and the awards given are final and binding on all parties. Lok Adalats hold statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, and the awards made by these bodies are binding and have the same legal effect as civil court decrees. By regularly organizing Lok Adalats, NALSA not only facilitates social justice but also helps reduce the burden on the formal legal system, making justice more accessible to all.

Other ADR Mechanisms in India

Arbitration

• Binding, quasi-judicial process where a neutral arbitrator/tribunal decides the dispute; widely used in commercial matters. Governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996; awards are enforceable like court decrees, with limited grounds to set aside.

Mediation

• Voluntary, confidential, party-driven settlement facilitated by a neutral mediator; outcomes are non-binding until parties sign a settlement. Increasingly encouraged by courts to reduce pendency and improve access to justice; strong fit for family, property, and small commercial disputes.

Conciliation

• Similar to mediation but the conciliator can propose terms and actively guide parties toward an agreement. Recognized under the 1996 Act; settlements reached through conciliation may be recorded and enforced as per law.

Judicial settlement and negotiation

• Court-annexed settlement through referral (e.g., under Section 89 CPC) to suitable forums; judges may encourage negotiation between parties for speedy, cost-effective resolution. Frequently used alongside legal aid and legal services authorities to ensure fair outcomes for eligible persons.