51st G7 Summit 2025 – Countries, Key Issues, India’s Role & UPSC

G7 Summit and West Asia: Israel–Iran Conflict 2025

• The G7 Summit opened amid a sudden escalation between Iran and Israel.

• Leaders issued a joint statement supporting Israel’s right to self-defence.

• Iran was labelled the “principal source of regional instability.”
  The G7 Summit also urged de-escalation, including a ceasefire in Gaza.

• UPSC relevance: Middle East geopolitics, energy security, and India's balancing act in foreign policy.

G7 Summit and Trade Realignments: US–UK Trade Pact

• A major highlight of the G7 Summit was the post-Brexit US–UK trade agreement.

• Tariffs on British cars and aerospace goods were significantly reduced.

• The pact opens access to sectors like beef and ethanol.

• Steel tariff disputes remain unresolved.

G7 Summit and Global Tech Governance

• As G7 Chair, Canada pushed an agenda focused on AI, digital transition, and cybersecurity.

• The G7 Summit reaffirmed commitments to international AI ethics (e.g. Hiroshima Code of Conduct, OECD framework).

• India advocated for “responsible AI” and stressed watermarking deepfakes.

• PM Modi also highlighted UPI and Aadhaar as models for Digital Public Infrastructure.

• The G7 Summit 2025 spotlighted rapid AI advances and regulatory shortfalls amid fierce US–China competition.

• There's growing concern that innovation is outpacing regulation, creating risks in high-impact AI systems.

G7 Track Record (2023–2025)

• 2023 (Japan): Adopted the voluntary Hiroshima AI Code of Conduct.

• 2024 (Italy): Introduced an AI Reporting Framework for developer accountability.

• 2025 (Canada): Elevated AI to top priority, establishing a new Ministry of AI & Digital Innovation

• UPSC relevance: Tech policy, cyber governance, India’s digital diplomacy.

G7 Summit and the Russia–Ukraine War

• Ukraine’s President Zelenskiy attended the G7 Summit, securing new aid from Canada (C$2 billion).

• Due to US opposition, the summit ended without a unified Ukraine statement.

• A Chair’s Summary urged an “unconditional ceasefire” and supported peace efforts.

• UPSC relevance: Role of G7 in conflict resolution, global security architecture, implications for Indian diplomacy.

G7 Summit on Energy Security and Climate Change

• The G7 Summit emphasized clean energy, supply-chain resilience, and renewable transitions.

• Canada raised concerns about wildfire-related health/security threats.

• India reiterated its early fulfilment of Paris Agreement goals and promoted the ISA (International Solar Alliance).

• Leaders discussed climate finance and disaster resilience.

• UPSC relevance: Energy transition, climate diplomacy, and green finance mechanisms.