What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones?(Answer in 150 words).

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Introduction

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) rise refers to the increase in the temperature of the upper layer of ocean water, mainly due to global warming. It plays a crucial role in atmospheric processes, especially tropical cyclone formation.

Body

1. Sea Surface Temperature Rise

• Definition: SST is the temperature of the top few meters of ocean water that directly interacts with the atmosphere.

• Causes of rise: Increased greenhouse gases, climate change, and ocean heat absorption.

• Spatial aspect: Tropical oceans (between 5°–20° latitude) show higher SST, especially in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.

2. Impact on Tropical Cyclone Formation

• Energy source: Warm SST (above 26.5°C) provides latent heat, fueling cyclone development.

• Increased intensity: Higher SST leads to more evaporation, strengthening wind speeds and cyclone intensity.

• Rapid intensification: Rising SST can cause sudden strengthening of cyclones in a short time.

• Extended cyclone season: Warmer oceans may lengthen the duration of cyclone activity.

• Geographical shift: Increased SST may expand cyclone-prone regions beyond traditional zones.

Conclusion

Thus, rising SST significantly enhances the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, posing serious risks to coastal regions and highlighting the need for climate mitigation and disaster preparedness.

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