PadhAI Blogs

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Composition & Powers

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India: Understand Its Objectives, Composition, Powers & Functions, Tenure, Appointment, Limitations and Way Forward.

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National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Composition & Powers

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India: Understand Its Objectives, Composition, Powers & Functions, Tenure, Appointment, Limitations and Way Forward.

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UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims & Optional Syllabus

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims, Mains & Optional Paper 1 & 2 syllabus, recommended books & answer-writing tips. UPSC exam strategy 2026.

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UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims & Optional Syllabus

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims, Mains & Optional Paper 1 & 2 syllabus, recommended books & answer-writing tips. UPSC exam strategy 2026.

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Directive Principles of State Policy: DPSP Features

DPSPs (Article 36-51): Complete notes on Socialist, Gandhian & Liberal principles, Significance of DPSP, FR vs DPSP conflicts, landmark cases & amendments.

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Directive Principles of State Policy: DPSP Features

DPSPs (Article 36-51): Complete notes on Socialist, Gandhian & Liberal principles, Significance of DPSP, FR vs DPSP conflicts, landmark cases & amendments.

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Interior of Earth: Structure, Composition & Mohr’s Discontinuity

Earth's Interior Structure: Learn About Crust, Mantle, Core Layers, Moho and Gutenberg Discontinuity, Composition, Seismic Waves & Plate Tectonics.

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Interior of Earth: Structure, Composition & Mohr’s Discontinuity

Earth's Interior Structure: Learn About Crust, Mantle, Core Layers, Moho and Gutenberg Discontinuity, Composition, Seismic Waves & Plate Tectonics.

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Disasters in India: Types, Causes, Risk

Disasters in India: Types, Causes & Vulnerability Profile. Understand About Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones & India's Disaster Management Act 2005 Framework.

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Disasters in India: Types, Causes, Risk

Disasters in India: Types, Causes & Vulnerability Profile. Understand About Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones & India's Disaster Management Act 2005 Framework.

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Caste Movements in India: Dalit and Anti-Caste Movements

Caste Movements in India: Learn About Self-Respect, Dalit, Anti-Caste, and Backward Caste Movements. Includes Important Founders & Reformers.

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Caste Movements in India: Dalit and Anti-Caste Movements

Caste Movements in India: Learn About Self-Respect, Dalit, Anti-Caste, and Backward Caste Movements. Includes Important Founders & Reformers.

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Anglo-Sikh Wars in India: Causes, Major Battles and Outcomes

Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–49): Understand Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Legacy, Causes of War, Key Battles, Treaties, Outcomes, and British Annexation of Punjab.

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Anglo-Sikh Wars in India: Causes, Major Battles and Outcomes

Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–49): Understand Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Legacy, Causes of War, Key Battles, Treaties, Outcomes, and British Annexation of Punjab.

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Battle of Buxar illustration showing British East India Company forces fighting Indian rulers in 1764.

Battle of Buxar 1764: Causes, Background, Result, Importance

Battle of Buxar (1764): British Eic Defeated Combined Forces of Mir Kasim, Nawab of Awadh, Shah Alam Ii, Treaty of Allahabad & the Dual Government System.

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Battle of Buxar 1764: Causes, Background, Result, Importance

Battle of Buxar (1764): British Eic Defeated Combined Forces of Mir Kasim, Nawab of Awadh, Shah Alam Ii, Treaty of Allahabad & the Dual Government System.

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Cybersecurity concept showing hands on keyboard with digital lock symbol representing data protection online.

Cybersecurity: Definition, Types & India’s Measures

India's cybersecurity framework: Threats, types, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, and key agencies (CERT-In, I4C, NCIIPC). Know about national security measures.

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Cybersecurity: Definition, Types & India’s Measures

India's cybersecurity framework: Threats, types, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, and key agencies (CERT-In, I4C, NCIIPC). Know about national security measures.

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Sectors of Indian Economy: Types and GDP Contribution

Sectors of Indian Economy: Classification, Contribution to GDP

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Sectors of Indian Economy: Types and GDP Contribution

Sectors of Indian Economy: Classification, Contribution to GDP

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Highest Peaks in India: List of Top 10 Mountain Peaks

India’s Top 10 highest mountain peaks including Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and state-wise mountain peaks.

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Highest Peaks in India: List of Top 10 Mountain Peaks

India’s Top 10 highest mountain peaks including Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and state-wise mountain peaks.

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Charter Act of 1813: Background, Key Provisions & Significance

Charter Act of 1813: Historical Background, Major Reforms in Trade, Education, Governance, and Its Enduring Impact on British India.

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Charter Act of 1813: Background, Key Provisions & Significance

Charter Act of 1813: Historical Background, Major Reforms in Trade, Education, Governance, and Its Enduring Impact on British India.

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Historic signing of Lucknow Pact between Indian National Congress and Muslim League promoting unity in 1916

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress & Muslim League Reunited

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress and the Muslim League United Under Tilak and Jinnah to Demand Self-Governance and Minority Safeguards.

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Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress & Muslim League Reunited

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress and the Muslim League United Under Tilak and Jinnah to Demand Self-Governance and Minority Safeguards.

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7th Schedule of Indian Constitution: Union, State & Concurrent Lists

7th Schedule of Indian Constitution Structures Union, State & Concurrent Lists Under Articles 246–255, Ensuring Clear Legislative Boundaries in India.

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7th Schedule of Indian Constitution: Union, State & Concurrent Lists

7th Schedule of Indian Constitution Structures Union, State & Concurrent Lists Under Articles 246–255, Ensuring Clear Legislative Boundaries in India.

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PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana: Objectives and Key Benefits

Pm Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana 2025: Objectives, Key Benefits for Farmers, District Selection Criteria, and Targeting 100 Districts with ₹24,000 Crore Annually.

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PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana: Objectives and Key Benefits

Pm Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana 2025: Objectives, Key Benefits for Farmers, District Selection Criteria, and Targeting 100 Districts with ₹24,000 Crore Annually.

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UPSC Maths Optional Syllabus: Mains Paper 1 & 2, Books & Strategy

Upsc Maths Optional Paper 2026: Complete Syllabus for Paper 1 & 2, Best Books, Preparation Tips & Topper’s Scoring Strategies.

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UPSC Maths Optional Syllabus: Mains Paper 1 & 2, Books & Strategy

Upsc Maths Optional Paper 2026: Complete Syllabus for Paper 1 & 2, Best Books, Preparation Tips & Topper’s Scoring Strategies.

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Major Dams in India : Complete List, Types & Important Facts

List of Dams in India: the Complete List of Dams Statewise, Including the Longest, Largest, Highest & Oldest Dams. Learn Their Uses, River Names, and Important Facts.

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Major Dams in India : Complete List, Types & Important Facts

List of Dams in India: the Complete List of Dams Statewise, Including the Longest, Largest, Highest & Oldest Dams. Learn Their Uses, River Names, and Important Facts.

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Women hugging trees during Chipko Movement to protest deforestation and promote forest conservation in India.

Chipko Movement: Background, Causes, Impact & Key Leaders

Chipko Movement: Learn Its Origins, Key Causes, Major Impacts, and Influential Leaders. Learn How This Ecofeminist Protest Shaped India’s Environmental Policies.

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Chipko Movement: Background, Causes, Impact & Key Leaders

Chipko Movement: Learn Its Origins, Key Causes, Major Impacts, and Influential Leaders. Learn How This Ecofeminist Protest Shaped India’s Environmental Policies.

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Minimum Support Price (MSP): Crop List, Objectives & Challenges

Minimum Support Price in India: Objectives, Crop Coverage, Cacp Role, A2+fl Cost Formula, Farmer Benefits, Wto Issues & Recent Reforms.

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Minimum Support Price (MSP): Crop List, Objectives & Challenges

Minimum Support Price in India: Objectives, Crop Coverage, Cacp Role, A2+fl Cost Formula, Farmer Benefits, Wto Issues & Recent Reforms.

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Partition of Bengal (1905): Causes, Events, Impact & Annulment

Partition of Bengal 1905: Lord Curzon’s Role, Causes, Impact on India’s Freedom Struggle, Swadeshi Uprising and the 1911 Reunification.

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Partition of Bengal (1905): Causes, Events, Impact & Annulment

Partition of Bengal 1905: Lord Curzon’s Role, Causes, Impact on India’s Freedom Struggle, Swadeshi Uprising and the 1911 Reunification.

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UPSC Law Optional Syllabus: Strategy, Resources & Tips

Upsc Law Optional Syllabus: Paper 1 & 2 Topics, Preparation Strategy, Recommended Books and Why to Choose Law as an Optional.

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UPSC Law Optional Syllabus: Strategy, Resources & Tips

Upsc Law Optional Syllabus: Paper 1 & 2 Topics, Preparation Strategy, Recommended Books and Why to Choose Law as an Optional.

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British Parliament members discussing the Regulating Act of 1773, marking the beginning of parliamentary control over the East India Company in India.

Regulating Act 1773: Meaning, Provisions, Drawbacks & Significance

The Regulating Act of 1773: Law Passed by the British Parliament to Control and Regulate the Affairs of the EIC in India. Know Its Provisions, Drawbacks & Significance.

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Regulating Act 1773: Meaning, Provisions, Drawbacks & Significance

The Regulating Act of 1773: Law Passed by the British Parliament to Control and Regulate the Affairs of the EIC in India. Know Its Provisions, Drawbacks & Significance.

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India’s Ranking in Different Indexes 2025: Complete List

India's Rankings in Different Global Indexes in 2025 reflect India’s progress and challenges in areas like climate, innovation, economy, healthcare, and governance.

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India’s Ranking in Different Indexes 2025: Complete List

India's Rankings in Different Global Indexes in 2025 reflect India’s progress and challenges in areas like climate, innovation, economy, healthcare, and governance.

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The famous stone chariot at Hampi, showcasing the grandeur and intricate design of Vijayanagara architecture during the empire’s golden age.

Vijayanagar Architecture: Features, Temples & Cultural Importance

Vijayanagara Empire Architecture Combines South Indian Styles Like Chalukya, Hoysala, Chola. Explore Its Origins, Features, Key Monuments (Hampi, Lepakshi).

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Vijayanagar Architecture: Features, Temples & Cultural Importance

Vijayanagara Empire Architecture Combines South Indian Styles Like Chalukya, Hoysala, Chola. Explore Its Origins, Features, Key Monuments (Hampi, Lepakshi).

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Indus Valley Civilization: Major Sites, Features and Decline

Indus Valley Civilization: Learn About Timeline, Major Sites Like Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro, Features Like Urban Planning, Religion Etc. and Decline of the Civilisation.

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Indus Valley Civilization: Major Sites, Features and Decline

Indus Valley Civilization: Learn About Timeline, Major Sites Like Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro, Features Like Urban Planning, Religion Etc. and Decline of the Civilisation.

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Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan: Provisions & Implications for India

Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Peace Plan to End Israel-Hamas Conflict: Disarmament, Humanitarian Aid and Governance Reforms, Implications for India’s Energy Supplies and Trade.

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Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan: Provisions & Implications for India

Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Peace Plan to End Israel-Hamas Conflict: Disarmament, Humanitarian Aid and Governance Reforms, Implications for India’s Energy Supplies and Trade.

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National Security Act, 1980: Background, Provisions & Criticism

India’s National Security Act, 1980 – Know Origins, Provisions & Powers, Safeguards, Criticisms, Case Studies, and Way Forward.

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National Security Act, 1980: Background, Provisions & Criticism

India’s National Security Act, 1980 – Know Origins, Provisions & Powers, Safeguards, Criticisms, Case Studies, and Way Forward.

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UPSC Success Stories of IAS Toppers & Working Professionals

Upsc Success Stories: Learn from IAS Toppers, Working Professionals and Repeat Aspirants Who Cracked the Toughest Exam in India and Why Their Stories Matter.

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UPSC Success Stories of IAS Toppers & Working Professionals

Upsc Success Stories: Learn from IAS Toppers, Working Professionals and Repeat Aspirants Who Cracked the Toughest Exam in India and Why Their Stories Matter.

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Centre-State Relations in India: Federalism, Conflicts & Reforms

Centre-State Relations in India - Legislative, Administrative & Financial Relations. Understand Fiscal Federalism, Conflicts & Key Reforms.

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Centre-State Relations in India: Federalism, Conflicts & Reforms

Centre-State Relations in India - Legislative, Administrative & Financial Relations. Understand Fiscal Federalism, Conflicts & Key Reforms.

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Types of Hydrogen, India’s Potential, Advantages & Challenges

Different Types of Hydrogen (Green, Blue, Grey, Etc.), National Green Hydrogen Mission, Hydrogen’s Role in India’s Energy Transition and Challenges.

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Types of Hydrogen, India’s Potential, Advantages & Challenges

Different Types of Hydrogen (Green, Blue, Grey, Etc.), National Green Hydrogen Mission, Hydrogen’s Role in India’s Energy Transition and Challenges.

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Best Non-Fiction Books for UPSC Aspirants: Beyond UPSC Books

Explore the 10 Best Non-Fiction Books Every UPSC Aspirant Should Read. Enhance Your General Studies, Essays, and Ethics with Data-Driven Examples and Case Studies.

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Best Non-Fiction Books for UPSC Aspirants: Beyond UPSC Books

Explore the 10 Best Non-Fiction Books Every UPSC Aspirant Should Read. Enhance Your General Studies, Essays, and Ethics with Data-Driven Examples and Case Studies.

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Child holding a slate with ‘Right to Education’ written on it, representing the Right to Education Act in India

Right to Education Act 2009: Provisions, Objectives & Challenges

Right to Education Act, 2009 (RTE): Provides Free and Compulsory Education to All Children of the Age of 6 to 14 Years

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Right to Education Act 2009: Provisions, Objectives & Challenges

Right to Education Act, 2009 (RTE): Provides Free and Compulsory Education to All Children of the Age of 6 to 14 Years

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Integrated Farming System – Components and Benefits

Integrated Farming System: Objectives, Components & Advantages

Understand Integrated Farming System (IFS): Combining crops, livestock, fisheries, and trees to maximise productivity. Explore objectives, models & advantages.

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Integrated Farming System: Objectives, Components & Advantages

Understand Integrated Farming System (IFS): Combining crops, livestock, fisheries, and trees to maximise productivity. Explore objectives, models & advantages.

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Constitutionalism – Meaning, Principles, and Significance in India

Constitutionalism: Meaning, Features, Types and Significance

Understand Constitutionalism, its definition, features, types, and significance for UPSC Polity. Understand how the rule of law and checks and balances protect rights.

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Constitutionalism: Meaning, Features, Types and Significance

Understand Constitutionalism, its definition, features, types, and significance for UPSC Polity. Understand how the rule of law and checks and balances protect rights.

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Nobel Prize Winners 2025: Full List, Categories

Discover the Nobel Prize Winners 2025 across Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. Includes list of Indian laureates & significance.

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Nobel Prize Winners 2025: Full List, Categories

Discover the Nobel Prize Winners 2025 across Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. Includes list of Indian laureates & significance.

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Image showing the Ashoka emblem placed over physics and mathematics study materials, symbolizing the UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus.

UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus: Books & Strategy

UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus: Covering Paper 1 and 2, Subtopics, Strategy, and Resources for the Exam. Learn About Exam Patterns, Books, and Preparation Tips.

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UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus: Books & Strategy

UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus: Covering Paper 1 and 2, Subtopics, Strategy, and Resources for the Exam. Learn About Exam Patterns, Books, and Preparation Tips.

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Close-up image of U.S. dollar bills symbolizing global currency holdings, used to represent the concept of foreign exchange reserves.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in India: Components, RBI’s Role

Explore India's Foreign Exchange Reserves in 2025: Components (FCAs, Gold, SDRs), RBI's Role, and Why $700b Matters. Read the Full Analysis and UPSC Insights.

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Foreign Exchange Reserves in India: Components, RBI’s Role

Explore India's Foreign Exchange Reserves in 2025: Components (FCAs, Gold, SDRs), RBI's Role, and Why $700b Matters. Read the Full Analysis and UPSC Insights.

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Vedic ritual with priests performing a fire ceremony (yajna) surrounded by people, representing the Vedic Period in ancient India

Vedic Period: Early & Later Vedic Period (1500–600 BCE)

Explore the Vedic Period: Early & Later Vedic Age (1500–600 BCE): Indo-Aryan Migrations, Vedas, Political, Social, and Economic Life.

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Vedic Period: Early & Later Vedic Period (1500–600 BCE)

Explore the Vedic Period: Early & Later Vedic Age (1500–600 BCE): Indo-Aryan Migrations, Vedas, Political, Social, and Economic Life.

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Satellite dishes in a rural area representing the development of satellite internet in India for better connectivity.

Satellite Internet in India: Policy, Technology & Challenges

Explore Satellite Internet in India: Regulatory Push, LEO plans, Portable Satellite Access, Challenges and Way Forward.

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Satellite Internet in India: Policy, Technology & Challenges

Explore Satellite Internet in India: Regulatory Push, LEO plans, Portable Satellite Access, Challenges and Way Forward.

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Explore India's six major soil types, from alluvial to arid, on this detailed map

Major Types of Soil in India: Classification and Significance

Explore the Major Soil Types in India: Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Desert, Saline, Mountain & Marshy. Learn Classification, Distribution & UPSC Significance.

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Major Types of Soil in India: Classification and Significance

Explore the Major Soil Types in India: Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Desert, Saline, Mountain & Marshy. Learn Classification, Distribution & UPSC Significance.

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Biosphere Reserves in India: List, UNESCO Recognition & Significance

Explore Biosphere Reserves in India: Full List, States, UNESCO Mab Sites, Zonation, Significance for UPSC. Includes Cold Desert and Latest Conservation Updates.

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Biosphere Reserves in India: List, UNESCO Recognition & Significance

Explore Biosphere Reserves in India: Full List, States, UNESCO Mab Sites, Zonation, Significance for UPSC. Includes Cold Desert and Latest Conservation Updates.

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A document and pen symbolizing the Indian Independence Act of 1947, representing India’s legal transition to independence.

Indian Independence Act 1947: Background, Features & Significance

The Indian Independence Act 1947 was a Landmark Legislation Passed by the British Parliament That Legally Ended Colonial Rule.

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Indian Independence Act 1947: Background, Features & Significance

The Indian Independence Act 1947 was a Landmark Legislation Passed by the British Parliament That Legally Ended Colonial Rule.

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Study desk with UPSC Economics books, charts, and laptop — guide on how to prepare economics for UPSC exam

How to Prepare Economics for UPSC: Topper’s Strategy

How to Prepare Economics for UPSC: Toppers’s Study Plan, Recommended Books, UPSC Mains GS-Iii Strategy & Optional Tips.

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How to Prepare Economics for UPSC: Topper’s Strategy

How to Prepare Economics for UPSC: Toppers’s Study Plan, Recommended Books, UPSC Mains GS-Iii Strategy & Optional Tips.

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Lush green hills and valleys of the Malwa Plateau under a clear blue sky

Malwa Plateau: Geography, Climate, Vegetation & History

Explore the Malwa Plateau Spanning Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan Features Volcanic Terrain with Fertile Black Soil, Rivers, Agriculture, Climate, and History.

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Malwa Plateau: Geography, Climate, Vegetation & History

Explore the Malwa Plateau Spanning Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan Features Volcanic Terrain with Fertile Black Soil, Rivers, Agriculture, Climate, and History.

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Pie chart showing reservation in UPSC with categories

Reservation in UPSC Exam: Criteria, Rules for OBC/ SC/ ST/ EWS/ PwD

Understand About Reservation UPSC India: SC, ST, OBC, EWS, PWD, Reserve List Provisions, Eligibility, Creamy Layer Rule, and Key Guidelines.

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Reservation in UPSC Exam: Criteria, Rules for OBC/ SC/ ST/ EWS/ PwD

Understand About Reservation UPSC India: SC, ST, OBC, EWS, PWD, Reserve List Provisions, Eligibility, Creamy Layer Rule, and Key Guidelines.

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Aerial view of Sir Creek showing river channels, mangrove forests, and coastline between India and Pakistan.

Sir Creek Dispute: India–Pakistan Border, Map

Sir Creek – a 96-Km Tidal Estuary in Gujarat’s Rann of Kutch – Its History, the India-Pak Dispute Over Its Boundary Line, Strategic Importance.

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Sir Creek Dispute: India–Pakistan Border, Map

Sir Creek – a 96-Km Tidal Estuary in Gujarat’s Rann of Kutch – Its History, the India-Pak Dispute Over Its Boundary Line, Strategic Importance.

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Ancient Gupta Empire artifacts and sculptures displayed in a museum, representing the art and culture of the Gupta period in India.

Gupta Empire: Golden Age, Rulers, Administration, Art & Economy

Explore the Gupta Empire: Its Founder, Rulers, Map, Economic Life, Art and Architecture, Temples, and Why it is Called the Golden age.

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Gupta Empire: Golden Age, Rulers, Administration, Art & Economy

Explore the Gupta Empire: Its Founder, Rulers, Map, Economic Life, Art and Architecture, Temples, and Why it is Called the Golden age.

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List of Top Waterfalls in India: Highest Waterfalls, Location

Discover India’s Top Waterfalls: Tallest Kunchikal, Widest Chitrakote, State-Wise List, Key Locations & Ranchi “City of Waterfalls.” Perfect for Upsc Geography

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List of Top Waterfalls in India: Highest Waterfalls, Location

Discover India’s Top Waterfalls: Tallest Kunchikal, Widest Chitrakote, State-Wise List, Key Locations & Ranchi “City of Waterfalls.” Perfect for Upsc Geography

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How to Be Consistent During UPSC Preparation

How to Be Consistent in UPSC Preparation: Toppers’ Strategy

Learn How to Maintain Consistency in UPSC Preparation with Practical Tips, Study Habits, and Toppers’ Strategies. Essential Guide for UPSC Aspirants.

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How to Be Consistent in UPSC Preparation: Toppers’ Strategy

Learn How to Maintain Consistency in UPSC Preparation with Practical Tips, Study Habits, and Toppers’ Strategies. Essential Guide for UPSC Aspirants.

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People working together on community projects with Sustainable Development Goals SDG wheel in the background.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 17 Goals, India’s Progress

Learn Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030: List of 17 goals, UN framework, Global Progress, India's NITI Aayog Index, Significance & implementation challenges.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 17 Goals, India’s Progress

Learn Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030: List of 17 goals, UN framework, Global Progress, India's NITI Aayog Index, Significance & implementation challenges.

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PadhAI Blogs

Constituent Assembly of India: Background, Composition & Committees

Constituent Assembly of India: Background, Composition & Committees

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Composition & Powers

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India: Understand Its Objectives, Composition, Powers & Functions, Tenure, Appointment, Limitations and Way Forward.

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India: Understand Its Objectives, Composition, Powers & Functions, Tenure, Appointment, Limitations and Way Forward.

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Composition & Powers

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India: Understand Its Objectives, Composition, Powers & Functions, Tenure, Appointment, Limitations and Way Forward.

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India: Understand Its Objectives, Composition, Powers & Functions, Tenure, Appointment, Limitations and Way Forward.

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims & Optional Syllabus

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims, Mains & Optional Paper 1 & 2 syllabus, recommended books & answer-writing tips. UPSC exam strategy 2026.

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims, Mains & Optional Paper 1 & 2 syllabus, recommended books & answer-writing tips. UPSC exam strategy 2026.

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims & Optional Syllabus

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims, Mains & Optional Paper 1 & 2 syllabus, recommended books & answer-writing tips. UPSC exam strategy 2026.

UPSC History Syllabus 2026: Complete Prelims, Mains & Optional Paper 1 & 2 syllabus, recommended books & answer-writing tips. UPSC exam strategy 2026.

Directive Principles of State Policy: DPSP Features

DPSPs (Article 36-51): Complete notes on Socialist, Gandhian & Liberal principles, Significance of DPSP, FR vs DPSP conflicts, landmark cases & amendments.

DPSPs (Article 36-51): Complete notes on Socialist, Gandhian & Liberal principles, Significance of DPSP, FR vs DPSP conflicts, landmark cases & amendments.

Directive Principles of State Policy: DPSP Features

DPSPs (Article 36-51): Complete notes on Socialist, Gandhian & Liberal principles, Significance of DPSP, FR vs DPSP conflicts, landmark cases & amendments.

DPSPs (Article 36-51): Complete notes on Socialist, Gandhian & Liberal principles, Significance of DPSP, FR vs DPSP conflicts, landmark cases & amendments.

Interior of Earth: Structure, Composition & Mohr’s Discontinuity

Earth's Interior Structure: Learn About Crust, Mantle, Core Layers, Moho and Gutenberg Discontinuity, Composition, Seismic Waves & Plate Tectonics.

Earth's Interior Structure: Learn About Crust, Mantle, Core Layers, Moho and Gutenberg Discontinuity, Composition, Seismic Waves & Plate Tectonics.

Interior of Earth: Structure, Composition & Mohr’s Discontinuity

Earth's Interior Structure: Learn About Crust, Mantle, Core Layers, Moho and Gutenberg Discontinuity, Composition, Seismic Waves & Plate Tectonics.

Earth's Interior Structure: Learn About Crust, Mantle, Core Layers, Moho and Gutenberg Discontinuity, Composition, Seismic Waves & Plate Tectonics.

Disasters in India: Types, Causes, Risk

Disasters in India: Types, Causes & Vulnerability Profile. Understand About Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones & India's Disaster Management Act 2005 Framework.

Disasters in India: Types, Causes & Vulnerability Profile. Understand About Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones & India's Disaster Management Act 2005 Framework.

Disasters in India: Types, Causes, Risk

Disasters in India: Types, Causes & Vulnerability Profile. Understand About Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones & India's Disaster Management Act 2005 Framework.

Disasters in India: Types, Causes & Vulnerability Profile. Understand About Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones & India's Disaster Management Act 2005 Framework.

Caste Movements in India: Dalit and Anti-Caste Movements

Caste Movements in India: Learn About Self-Respect, Dalit, Anti-Caste, and Backward Caste Movements. Includes Important Founders & Reformers.

Caste Movements in India: Learn About Self-Respect, Dalit, Anti-Caste, and Backward Caste Movements. Includes Important Founders & Reformers.

Caste Movements in India: Dalit and Anti-Caste Movements

Caste Movements in India: Learn About Self-Respect, Dalit, Anti-Caste, and Backward Caste Movements. Includes Important Founders & Reformers.

Caste Movements in India: Learn About Self-Respect, Dalit, Anti-Caste, and Backward Caste Movements. Includes Important Founders & Reformers.

Anglo-Sikh Wars in India: Causes, Major Battles and Outcomes

Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–49): Understand Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Legacy, Causes of War, Key Battles, Treaties, Outcomes, and British Annexation of Punjab.

Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–49): Understand Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Legacy, Causes of War, Key Battles, Treaties, Outcomes, and British Annexation of Punjab.

Anglo-Sikh Wars in India: Causes, Major Battles and Outcomes

Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–49): Understand Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Legacy, Causes of War, Key Battles, Treaties, Outcomes, and British Annexation of Punjab.

Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–49): Understand Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Legacy, Causes of War, Key Battles, Treaties, Outcomes, and British Annexation of Punjab.

Battle of Buxar 1764: Causes, Background, Result, Importance

Battle of Buxar (1764): British Eic Defeated Combined Forces of Mir Kasim, Nawab of Awadh, Shah Alam Ii, Treaty of Allahabad & the Dual Government System.

Battle of Buxar (1764): British Eic Defeated Combined Forces of Mir Kasim, Nawab of Awadh, Shah Alam Ii, Treaty of Allahabad & the Dual Government System.

Battle of Buxar 1764: Causes, Background, Result, Importance

Battle of Buxar (1764): British Eic Defeated Combined Forces of Mir Kasim, Nawab of Awadh, Shah Alam Ii, Treaty of Allahabad & the Dual Government System.

Battle of Buxar (1764): British Eic Defeated Combined Forces of Mir Kasim, Nawab of Awadh, Shah Alam Ii, Treaty of Allahabad & the Dual Government System.

Cybersecurity: Definition, Types & India’s Measures

India's cybersecurity framework: Threats, types, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, and key agencies (CERT-In, I4C, NCIIPC). Know about national security measures.

India's cybersecurity framework: Threats, types, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, and key agencies (CERT-In, I4C, NCIIPC). Know about national security measures.

Cybersecurity: Definition, Types & India’s Measures

India's cybersecurity framework: Threats, types, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, and key agencies (CERT-In, I4C, NCIIPC). Know about national security measures.

India's cybersecurity framework: Threats, types, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, and key agencies (CERT-In, I4C, NCIIPC). Know about national security measures.

Sectors of Indian Economy: Types and GDP Contribution

Sectors of Indian Economy: Classification, Contribution to GDP

Sectors of Indian Economy: Classification, Contribution to GDP

Sectors of Indian Economy: Types and GDP Contribution

Sectors of Indian Economy: Classification, Contribution to GDP

Sectors of Indian Economy: Classification, Contribution to GDP

Highest Peaks in India: List of Top 10 Mountain Peaks

India’s Top 10 highest mountain peaks including Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and state-wise mountain peaks.

India’s Top 10 highest mountain peaks including Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and state-wise mountain peaks.

Highest Peaks in India: List of Top 10 Mountain Peaks

India’s Top 10 highest mountain peaks including Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and state-wise mountain peaks.

India’s Top 10 highest mountain peaks including Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and state-wise mountain peaks.

Charter Act of 1813: Background, Key Provisions & Significance

Charter Act of 1813: Historical Background, Major Reforms in Trade, Education, Governance, and Its Enduring Impact on British India.

Charter Act of 1813: Historical Background, Major Reforms in Trade, Education, Governance, and Its Enduring Impact on British India.

Charter Act of 1813: Background, Key Provisions & Significance

Charter Act of 1813: Historical Background, Major Reforms in Trade, Education, Governance, and Its Enduring Impact on British India.

Charter Act of 1813: Historical Background, Major Reforms in Trade, Education, Governance, and Its Enduring Impact on British India.

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress & Muslim League Reunited

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress and the Muslim League United Under Tilak and Jinnah to Demand Self-Governance and Minority Safeguards.

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress and the Muslim League United Under Tilak and Jinnah to Demand Self-Governance and Minority Safeguards.

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress & Muslim League Reunited

Lucknow Pact of 1916: Congress and the Muslim League United Under Tilak and Jinnah to Demand Self-Governance and Minority Safeguards.